You're correct, it's outside the speaking part and thus wouldn't affect tension. The bridge/tail distance does, however, affect the angle at which the string breaks over the saddle and thus, I would think, the amount of downward pressure of string onto bridge. It seems to me that a sharper angle should mean more transferance of energy through the bridge into the body, leading to an increase in sustain. Whether this increase would big enough to be noticable, I have no idea.
Peter