36-fret board? Hmmm. Thinking out loud, here.
Let's start with a 36 scale length, for the sake of arguement. That gives a fret spacing of .2676 between the 35th and 36th frets. Allowing another .1 or so for the fretwire, and you have a landing zone of about .17, or a smidge under 3/32 available for your finger.
Now, I have fairly large hands, and appropriately wide fingertips and, having played a 28-fret 34 scale bass, I've worked down to about .40 spacing (.30 landing zone). I doubt I could _accurately_ fret much below that; maybe to a .28 LZ.
Even allowing for thinner fingers, though, I'd tend to think a practical limit would be about .22. Anything narrower than that, and you run the risk of playing only the fret tops, without enough LZ behind to fret cleanly.
What I ran into on the 28-fret neck was that unless I was very careful (and pressed a bit harder than normal), I ended up choking the note because of damping the string against the fret behind my target.
Also, as John (jetbass) noted, there's not a hell of a lot of room left over for pickups. Only 4.5, before allowing for the trussrod cover. That takes up another 1.5 or so, leaving only 3 free. The offset pair pickup configuration on the 8-string Dave linked to is needed to get the width, but you'd only have room for a single offset set, rather than two. It might be worthwhile to see if Alembic can produce a wide-frame FatBoy: it'd be a shame to waste some of the bass response available from the strings and scale length by running pups with too narrow an aperature...
So the tradeoff for a 36-fret board are a last half-octave that's progressively harder to play cleanly, and less versatility in tone capabilities from the electronics. You'd also probably need to have the filter breakpoints changed from the standard 6KHz to accomodate the higher notes the instrument can produce. The lower breakpoint might have to be changed as well, which starts forcing changes in the overall filter design and some expensive component values.
So, it wouldn't be cheap, and it'd be hard to play, and while it'd sound fantastic, it wouldn't be as versatile tonally as a 24-fret bass would allow, but it could certainly be done.
All that said, it raises the question: why 36 frets?
I'm not trying to talk you out of it; I'd be fascinated to see such an instrument come together. :-)
nic