There are several steps along the path. My first step was to put a badass bridge on mine and Bartolini pickups (triple coil GBs. Took them 18 months to finally get them to me) with a Bart preamp. That sounded OK. Very versatile and it became several engineers here in Boulder's favorite bass. Killer slap tone with roundwounds.
Step two was a pair of Dark Star pickups. Great sound, but sort of a sideways step, as it gave me more of a Live/Dead sound than a Europe '72 tone.
The next step was Alembic style hardware. Mine was a custom one-off that pretty much fell into my lap. This made a huge difference as every note now couples with the body in a much stronger fashion.
After that, I moved from the Bart pre to an ACG filter based preamp. It's got a lot of good features to it. It has a deeper reach than Series I or II (down to 70hz) but I don't find myself using it down there much. It doesn't go as high, which is a little frustrating sometimes and the sweep covers a lot more ground which makes it hard to tune in exactly the right frequency on the fly. My Series I is much much easier in this regard.
My next step (where I am currently) is with early 70s Series pickups installed. This brought me way way closer to the E72 tone. I have it installed with the ACG preamp (mine is an early version with filters for both pickups) but I haven't installed the humcanceller yet. My next step is to pull the ACG and then install a full Series setup with no filters but stereo out to run through an SF2. I've got almost all the parts together to do it, so I'm hoping to get it done by the end of the week. After this settles in, I intend to put in SII filters.
As far as the evolution of Phil's Starfire, it looks like it's been through 2 major steps and several minor steps after that. The first was the installation of additional magnets to the pickups and preamps. The next step was the new hardware, new headstock, and superfilters (essentially). After that, it seems like minor mods were made with a new fingerboard, a different tailpiece, etc.
As far as the actual electronics that were installed, I think they are fairly unique. There are state variable filters with each pickup and one of the crucial aspects of this setup, like the SF2, is the ability to blend in the straight signal with the filtered signal. I tried to get this happening with the ACG filters with no luck.
Anyway, there's some food for thought. Let me know if you have any more specific questions. Remember, two avenues of mods: 1) physical mods, with a new bridge, tailpiece, etc. and 2) pickups and electronics. They both make a big difference.