Basically, the filter control is a low pass filter; as you roll it back it lowers the point at which it passes low frequency signals and blocks high frequency signals. To quote Mica, the range is from 350Hz-6KHz. Wherever you set the filter, only frequencies below that cutoff point are passed. The Q switch works in concert with the filter and provides an 8db boost at the cut off frequency you've set with the filter. When the switch is off you get a flat response on to the filter setting. Again to quote Mica, the Q affects mainly the attack portion of the note.
Essence controls have a filter control but no Q switch; for an Essence the Q is always on. A good electronics upgrade for an Essence is to add a Q switch. It is relatively inexpensive and Alembic will send you installation instructions. Beyond that, any upgrade is a bit more problematic because of the lack of available room in the control cavity. Also for any other upgrade Alembic will want for you to send the bass to them for the upgrade. For instance a good upgrade might be to add bass and treble boost/cut switches. But again, you are looking at sending the bass to Alembic and probably modifying the control cavity.
I would imagine the vast majority of the members of this group would not recommend replacing Alembic electronics with Bart electronics. Bart makes great preamps, but part of the reason for buying an Alembic is the electronics.
Personally, my main bass is an Essence and I know how frustrating Essence controls can be. With the Q always on, I find the boost to be generally unworkable at lower filter settings; thus I usually leave the filter all the way up and adjust my tone with my F-1X and SF-2. I have not yet added the Q switch since I am planning to send my bass to Alembic at some point in the future. However, I do have a fretless that has Europa controls and the Q switch on that bass does make a difference. Being able to turn the Q off when rolling the filter back to lower settings does give a smoother sound.
I would guess that not all Essence owners would agree with my comments; I'm sure many are happy with the tone they are getting now. Tone is very subjective and is also influenced by what your ears hear and how damaged your ears are after years of repeated assaults from high frequency PA feedback, as mine admittedly are. But if you are having problems getting useful tones out of your Essence, then a good first step would probably be adding a Q switch.
Dave