The brown part is a capacitor, and it is added during manufacture for timming. The resistors are the same in each channel.
If the older electronics you're working with are older than 1987, the 1/4 jack is likely a stereo jack. To confirm if it's working properly, you can insert stereo headphones in the jack and see if you get one pickup in each ear.
I think the cable may be the problem, which is why I ask you to check the jack with headphones. You didn't mention what the electronics in your bass are, so I can't tell if the cable working properly for them is an indication that it should work with your Alembic electronics.
You will need to modify the cable. Inside the stereo plug on the cable, you will need to add two 20K (or 10K or 22K if handier) mixing resistors. Connect one resistor to the tip, one to the ring, and join them together. Then connect that to the center wire of the cable.
You can also use the 5-pin output for stereo and rewire the 1/4 to a dedicated mono output.