The Alembic filters are low pass filters, I think the Bart filters can be switched low, high, and band pass.
On an Alembic low pass filter the frequency range controlled by the filter is from 350Hz-6KHz. So if it's open then all of the frequencies picked up by the pickups, up to 6KHz, are being passed through. Any frequencies above 6KHz are rolled off. If the filter is closed then only frequencies below 350Hz are passed through; anything above 350 is again rolled off. (The rolloff rate is 12db per octave.)
For 'Q', I don't know how the Bart system works (I couldn't find much info on their site). On my Alembic Series II, the Q controls are continuously variable from from 0 to 15db of boost; the boost is applied to the cut off frequency you've set with the filter. So here when I said my Q was fairly open I meant that it was closer to the 15db boost, and when I said it was fairly closed I meant that it was closer to 0db boost.