and why the addition of Ebony to a neck causes the harmonics to ring longer.
The point with ebony is that it makes the fundamental (aka the first harmonic) ring longer.
Each note starts out with its maximum energy, and as the fundamental takes up a lot of energy, its amplitude will decrease quicker than that of the higher harmonics. So as the note keeps ringing, the lower frequency components fade out. With ebony, this fade-out is slower.
Specific weight, stiffness, oiliness, brass hardware --- it all contributes to the tone, but in different ways. Resonance can be sympathetic, but also resistant. Then start laminating chunks of wood, and the outcome becomes more and more interesting (or dead).