Tone or sound, I still think the instrument itself plays the biggest role in 'what you hear'. For instance, string bending on a 35 scale is not near as effortless as on shorter scale instruments and technique, strings or setup can make up for that, at least in my experience. Also, even modifying technique, it's difficult, if not impossible for me to mimic the 'sound/tone' I get with my Alembic with any other bass that I own. Just can't do it. I can get everything from rubber-band attack to piccolo/piano articulation with my 32 Persuader, and I have not played any other bass that allows such a range of technique, resulting in just as big a range in sound/tone.
So, I think the instrument itself can be the biggest determining factor when it comes to tone and sound.